Habitat loss: Destruction and fragmentation of natural habitats due to deforestation, wetland drainage, dam construction, and pollution threaten African lungfish populations. The construction of dams disrupts their migratory routes and spawning grounds, which affects their reproductive success.
Water pollution: Pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and sewage discharge degrades water quality and compromises the health of African lungfish and their food sources.
Climate change: Changing climatic conditions, including rising temperatures, altered rainfall patterns, and extreme weather events, can affect the availability of suitable habitats and food sources for African lungfish, making them more vulnerable to population decline.
Trade: Though not as significant as the other factors, the international trade in African lungfish for aquarium purposes can contribute to their population decline, especially when combined with the other threats they face.