1. Red Mangrove (Rhizophora mangle):
- One of the most widespread mangrove species.
- Characterized by reddish-brown prop roots that emerge from the trunk and arch downwards, providing support and stability in soft, waterlogged soils.
- Prop roots also help filter nutrients from the water.
- Notable for its bright green, leathery leaves and small, red-tinged flowers that produce viviparous propagules (germinating seeds).
- Forms dense stands along sheltered coastlines and river mouths.
2. Black Mangrove (Avicennia germinans):
- Another widely distributed mangrove species.
- Has distinctive, pneumatophores, which are root structures that grow vertically from the soil, aiding in gas exchange and oxygen uptake in low-oxygen environments.
- Commonly found in intertidal zones and can tolerate high salinity levels.
- Known for its dark green, opposite leaves and small, white flowers that produce small, hairy propagules.
3. White Mangrove (Laguncularia racemosa):
- Found in many mangrove habitats.
- Characterized by its light-colored, smooth bark that often appears whitish or gray.
- Has a well-developed root system with dense, fibrous roots that help stabilize the sediment.
- Produces small, white flowers, followed by small, ribbed propagules.
4. Buttonwood Mangrove (Conocarpus erectus):
- Common in mangrove areas and coastal habitats.
- Recognizable by its rounded, button-shaped fruits that give the species its name.
- Has smooth, gray bark, leathery, opposite leaves, and inconspicuous greenish flowers.
- Found in a range of habitats, from sheltered coastal swamps to more inland, drier areas.
5. Yellow Mangrove (Ceriops tagal):
- A widely distributed mangrove species, particularly in Southeast Asia.
- Distinguished by its yellow-brown bark and small, bright yellow flowers.
- Has small, leathery leaves and produces propagules with reddish hairs.
- Often forms dense stands in sheltered mangrove habitats.
6. Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina):
- Found in saline and brackish habitats along tropical and subtropical coasts.
- Similar to the black mangrove but has a more compact canopy and a denser root system.
- Known for its gray-green leaves, hairy twigs, and small, white flowers.
- Adapted to tolerate high salinity levels and waterlogged conditions.
These are some of the common types of mangroves, but there are other species with unique characteristics and adaptations that contribute to the diversity of mangrove ecosystems worldwide.