Here's why:
* High Altitude: Alpine tundra is characterized by high altitudes, typically above the treeline. The peaks of the Alps easily meet this criterion.
* Cold Temperatures: The high altitude brings freezing temperatures, harsh winds, and a short growing season, all typical of alpine tundra.
* Limited Vegetation: The extreme conditions limit the types of plants that can survive. You'll find low-growing shrubs, grasses, mosses, and lichens, typical of alpine tundra.
* Permafrost: While not as prevalent as in the Arctic, permafrost (permanently frozen ground) can occur in the higher elevations of the Alps, further supporting the alpine tundra classification.
While alpine tundra is the dominant biome at the highest peaks, you may find pockets of nival zone at the very summits. This zone is characterized by bare rock, snow, and ice, with very little to no vegetation.