Who are the American kestrels enemies?

The American kestrel (Falco sparverius) is the smallest and most widespread falcon in North America. It is found in a wide range of habitats, including open fields, grasslands, woodlands, and even urban areas. While the American kestrel is a skilled predator, it also has a number of enemies, including:

- Cooper's hawks

- Sharp-shinned hawks

- Great horned owls

- Northern goshawks

- Red-tailed hawks

- Bald eagles

- Golden eagles

- Prairie falcons

- Peregrine falcons

- Merlins

- Northern shrikes

- Loggerhead shrikes

In addition to these natural predators, the American kestrel is also vulnerable to human-related threats, such as habitat loss, pollution, and hunting.