* Warming temperatures: The Arctic is warming at twice the global average rate, and the tundra is especially vulnerable to these changes. As the permafrost melts, it releases methane, a potent greenhouse gas. This can lead to further warming and melting, creating a vicious cycle.
* Changing precipitation patterns: The tundra is also experiencing changes in precipitation patterns, with more rain and less snow. This can damage vegetation and make the ground more susceptible to erosion.
* Increased wildfire risk: The warming climate is also increasing the risk of wildfires in the tundra. These fires can destroy vast areas of habitat and release large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
Development
* Oil and gas exploration: The tundra is home to vast reserves of oil and gas, and there is increasing pressure to develop these resources. This can damage the environment, pollute the air and water, and disrupt wildlife habitats.
* Mining: Mining operations can also damage the tundra, by creating large pits, polluting the environment, and disrupting wildlife habitats.
* Transportation infrastructure: The construction of roads, pipelines, and other transportation infrastructure can also damage the tundra, by fragmenting habitat, polluting the environment, and disrupting wildlife movements.