These Indigenous cultures have a deep and respectful relationship with caribou, utilizing nearly every part of the animal for survival and cultural purposes. Here's a breakdown:
Food:
* Meat: Caribou meat is a primary food source, eaten fresh, dried, or preserved through methods like pemmican (a mixture of dried meat and fat).
* Fat: Rendered caribou fat (tallow) is used for cooking, fuel for lamps, and as a skin moisturizer.
* Bone Marrow: Bone marrow is a rich source of nutrients and often eaten.
* Blood: Caribou blood is sometimes consumed raw or mixed with other foods.
* Stomach: The stomach lining is traditionally used to make containers.
Clothing and Tools:
* Hide: Caribou hide is the most important material for clothing, boots, mittens, and tents. It's also used for making drums, bags, and other tools.
* Sinew: The strong tendons (sinew) are used for sewing and binding.
* Bones: Caribou bones are used to make tools, weapons (such as arrows), and even needles.
Other Uses:
* Antlers: Caribou antlers are used for decorative art, tools, and sometimes as medicine.
* Hooves: Hooves are used to make tools, buttons, and jewelry.
It's crucial to understand that these uses are deeply rooted in the traditional knowledge and culture of these Indigenous peoples. They are not merely "parts of an animal" but represent an integral part of their way of life, ensuring their survival in the Arctic environment.