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Species
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True frogs belong to the family Ranidae. There are over 400 species of frogs that fall into this family. True toads belong to their own family, called Bufonidae. This family has over 300 species.
Physical Characteristics
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Some obvious physical characteristics differentiate frogs from toads. Frogs often have bulging eyes, long legs and webbed hind feet, as well as smooth and moist skin. Toads have shorter legs and skin that is dry and warty. Frogs have rows of small teeth, while toads do not. Of course, these characteristics don't always apply. Some frogs may appear more toad-like, while some toads will look more like frogs.
Geography
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While both frogs and toads are amphibians, frogs tend to prefer moister climates and wetter living conditions than do most toads, who will often live in a dry area and spend only a small amount of time in water. Frogs can be found in every continent in the world except for Antarctica, while toads are a little less widespread. They do not naturally live in the arctic regions, Australia or Madagascar. They have been introduced in areas of Australia, however.
Reproduction
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Both frogs and toads mate in much the same manner. Eggs are fertilized by the male after being released from the female. How these eggs are released is the main difference. Frogs lay their eggs in sticky clumps, while toads lay theirs in long, sticky strings.
Defense
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An important defense mechanism of the toad is that it releases toxins and a bad-tasting secretion from its skin. These secretions make toads unattractive as food to most animals. Frogs, though they do release some bad-tasting secretions, do not release as much secretions as toads do, and so find themselves eaten more often. They do have long legs that allow them to leap away from hungry animals, however.
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The Difference Between a Frog & a Toad
Both frogs and toads are members of the order Anura, so all toads are frogs. But true frogs and true toads have their own specific families, species and characteristics.