Orangutans produce a variety of vocalizations, including long calls, short calls, and screams. Long calls are loud, low-pitched calls that can be heard from several kilometers away. They are typically produced by adult males and are thought to function as territorial displays or to attract females. Short calls are higher-pitched calls that are produced by both males and females. They are often used in social interactions, such as greeting, contact, and courtship. Screams are loud, high-pitched calls that are produced by both males and females. They are typically used in response to danger or stress.
In addition to these vocalizations, orangutans also produce a variety of non-vocal sounds, such as grunts, snorts, and whistles. These sounds are often used in social interactions, and they can also be used to express emotions such as fear, anger, or frustration.