Combivent is a combination of two medications, ipratropium and albuterol. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic medication that works by blocking the action of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter that causes the muscles in the airways to contract. Albuterol is a beta-adrenergic agonist that works by stimulating the beta-adrenergic receptors in the airways, which causes the airways to relax.
By combining these two medications, Combivent provides both anticholinergic and beta-adrenergic activity, which can provide more effective relief of bronchospasm than either medication alone. Combivent is indicated for the treatment of bronchospasm associated with COPD and asthma.
Clinical Benefits
Combivent is effective in improving lung function and reducing symptoms of bronchospasm. It can also help to prevent exacerbations of COPD and asthma.
Side Effects
The most common side effects of Combivent include:
* Dry mouth
* Blurred vision
* Headache
* Nausea
* Vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Constipation
* Nervousness
* Tremor
* Palpitations
* Tachycardia
* Dizziness
* Fatigue
* Insomnia
Contraindications
Combivent is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to ipratropium or albuterol. It is also contraindicated in patients with narrow-angle glaucoma or urinary retention.
Warnings and Precautions
Combivent should be used with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, or diabetes. It should also be used with caution in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Dosing
Combivent is available as a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) and as a nebulizer solution. The recommended dose for adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older is 2 puffs from the MDI or 2.5 mL of the nebulizer solution every 4 to 6 hours. The maximum daily dose is 8 puffs from the MDI or 10 mL of the nebulizer solution.
Overdose
An overdose of Combivent can cause symptoms such as tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. In severe cases, an overdose can lead to respiratory depression and death.
Storage
Combivent should be stored at room temperature (15°C to 30°C). The MDI should be protected from moisture.