How do kangaroo keep themselves cool?

Kangaroos have several clever ways to stay cool in the hot Australian climate:

1. Panting: Like dogs, kangaroos pant to cool down. This rapid breathing increases evaporation from their tongue and respiratory system, removing heat from their bodies.

2. Lick their forearms: Kangaroo lick their forearms, which have a network of blood vessels close to the surface. This increases evaporation, cooling the blood.

3. Seek shade: Kangaroos often rest in the shade of trees or bushes to avoid direct sunlight.

4. Active at dawn and dusk: To avoid the hottest part of the day, kangaroos are most active during the cooler hours of dawn and dusk.

5. Sweat glands: Kangaroos have sweat glands, but they are less developed than in humans. While they don't sweat profusely, they can still use this method to some extent.

6. Large surface area: Kangaroos have a large surface area relative to their body mass, which helps them radiate heat more effectively.

7. Thick fur: Although it may seem counterintuitive, kangaroos have a thick fur coat that can actually help them stay cool. The fur acts as insulation against the hot sun, and it also traps a layer of cool air close to their skin.

8. Blood vessel dilation: Like humans, kangaroos can dilate their blood vessels to increase blood flow to the surface of their skin. This helps radiate heat away from the body.

By using a combination of these strategies, kangaroos are able to stay cool even in the most extreme temperatures.