Melanin is produced in response to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. When UV radiation hits the skin, it damages the DNA in the melanocytes. This damage triggers the melanocytes to produce melanin, which helps to protect the skin from further damage.
The amount of melanin produced by melanocytes is determined by genetics. People with darker skin have more melanin than people with lighter skin. This is because the melanocytes in darker skin are more active and produce more melanin.
Melanocytes can also be affected by hormones. For example, women who are pregnant or taking birth control pills may experience darkening of the skin due to increased levels of estrogen.
Melanocytes are also responsible for the formation of freckles, moles, and age spots. These are all caused by an increase in the production of melanin in certain areas of the skin.
Melanoma is a type of skin cancer that occurs when melanocytes become cancerous. Melanomas are usually black or brown in color, but they can also be pink, red, or white. They can appear anywhere on the skin, but they are most common on the face, neck, arms, and legs.
Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer, but it is also one of the most curable if it is caught early. If you notice a new or changing mole, it is important to see a doctor right away.