* Hunting and poaching: Lions are hunted for their meat, fur, and body parts, which are used in traditional medicines. Poaching is a major threat to lions, and it is estimated that as many as 1,000 lions are killed each year.
* Human-wildlife conflict: Lions often come into conflict with humans when they prey on livestock. This can lead to retaliatory killings by farmers and herders.
* Disease: Lions are susceptible to a variety of diseases, including canine distemper, feline AIDS, and tuberculosis. These diseases can spread quickly through lion populations and cause significant mortality.
* Climate change: Climate change is also a threat to lions, as it is leading to changes in their habitat, prey base, and disease prevalence.