Smooth Fur: Guinea pigs with smooth fur have straight and sleek hair that lies flat against their bodies. The hair texture is generally soft and silky, giving them a smooth and shiny appearance. Smooth-haired guinea pigs have a single layer of fur, which helps them regulate their body temperature effectively.
Curly Hair: Curly-haired guinea pigs have a naturally curly or wavy coat that can vary in texture from loose curls to tight ringlets. The hair often forms clumps or spiral curls that give them a distinct and fluffy appearance. Curly-haired guinea pigs have a double layer of fur, consisting of a dense undercoat and longer, curly guard hairs. This double coat provides extra insulation, making them better suited for cooler climates.
The inheritance pattern of smooth fur and curly hair in guinea pigs is complex and involves multiple genes, but the KRT71 gene plays a significant role. Certain mutations in this gene lead to changes in the keratin proteins that make up the hair shaft, resulting in the curly hair phenotype.
Curly-haired guinea pigs are often recognized as distinct breeds, such as the Texel, Merino, and Sheltie. These breeds are prized for their unique and attractive curly coats, which require regular grooming to maintain their beautiful appearance and prevent matting.