1. Long Gestation Period: Dugongs have one of the longest gestation periods among mammals, lasting approximately 13-15 months. This ensures the calf is fully developed and ready for the challenges of life in the ocean.
2. Single Calf Births: Dugongs typically give birth to a single calf, which is around 1 meter long and weighs about 30 kilograms.
3. Close Maternal Bonding: The mother and calf maintain a strong bond, with the calf remaining close to its mother for up to 18 months.
4. Milk Feeding: The calf nurses from its mother's mammary glands, which are located in the pectoral area. Dugong milk is extremely rich in fat, providing the calf with essential nutrients for growth and development.
5. Protection and Guidance: The mother protects her calf from predators like sharks and crocodiles. She also teaches the calf important survival skills, such as foraging, swimming, and navigating.
6. Social Interactions: Calves may learn social behaviors from other dugongs within their herd, which helps them develop into healthy adults.
7. Independence: Eventually, the calf becomes more independent and will gradually wean from its mother's milk. However, the mother-calf bond can remain strong throughout the dugong's life.
Dugong mothers dedicate themselves to their offspring, ensuring their survival and proper development in the marine environment.