In addition to pheromones, male hamsters also use other methods to attract females, such as vocalizations, scent marking, and courtship behaviors. Vocalizations include chirping, squeaking, and chattering, which are all used to communicate with female hamsters. Scent marking involves the male hamster depositing urine or feces in areas where female hamsters are likely to find them. Courtship behaviors include chasing, circling, and mounting the female hamster.
By using a combination of pheromones, vocalizations, scent marking, and courtship behaviors, male hamsters are able to attract female hamsters and successfully reproduce.