* The Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy has listed the koala as a vulnerable species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The Australian Government is responsible for the conservation and management of koalas and their habitat, including developing policies, regulations, and recovery plans to protect the species and its habitat.
* State and Territory Governments are primarily responsible for the management of koala populations and their habitat. Most states and territories have legislation that protects koalas and their habitat, including:
- Victoria: the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 and the Wildlife Act 1975;
- New South Wales: the NSW Biodiversity Conservation Act 2016;
- Queensland: the Nature Conservation Act 1992;
- South Australia: the National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.
* Recovery Plans: The Australian and state and territory governments have developed recovery plans for koalas to guide conservation and management efforts and address the threats facing the species. These recovery plans include actions such as:
- Habitat protection and restoration;
- Population monitoring;
- Disease management;
- Education and awareness raising;
- Threat mitigation, including reducing koala-vehicle collisions and feral animal management.
* Funding Programs: The Australian Government provides funding for koala conservation and research through various programs, including the:
- Koala Recovery Fund;
- National Landcare Program;
- Caring for our Country;
- the Environment Restoration Fund.
* National Koala Conservation Fund: The Fund is a $50 million investment by the Australian Government between 2021 and 2026 and seeks to drive partnerships between conservation and land management organisations, scientists, First Nations people and communities. Actions taken under the fund will be guided by the National Koala Conservation and Management Strategy 2020-2024 produced in collaboration between the Australian and state and territory governments.