Mammals:
* Badgers: These are common in the UK and are known to dig extensively, potentially uncovering nests in the ground.
* Foxes: Though less likely to target bee nests specifically, they are opportunistic and might dig them up if they stumble upon them.
* Rats and mice: These rodents might dig into nests in search of food, particularly if the nest is accessible.
* Hedgehogs: While not known for digging extensively, they might occasionally disturb nests, especially if they're searching for food.
Birds:
* Magpies and Crows: These birds are known to raid nests, though they may not dig them up. They could potentially expose the nest by removing the entrance.
Insects:
* Other bees and wasps: These can be aggressive towards other nests, especially if they are competing for resources.
Other factors:
* Nest type: Nests in the ground are more vulnerable than those in cavities or tree hollows.
* Bee species: Some bees are more aggressive and defend their nests better than others.
Important to note: It is not always easy to determine the exact cause of a disturbed bee nest. However, considering the factors above can give you an idea of the possible culprits. If you find a disturbed bee nest, it's best to avoid it and contact a local beekeeper or pest control professional for advice.