1. Climate change: Major climatic changes during the late Miocene and Pliocene epochs may have altered the phorusrhacidae's habitat and food sources.
2. Competition: The phorusrhacidae may have faced increased competition from other predators, such as saber-toothed cats and canids. The arrival of humans in the Americas also introduced a new predator to the phorusrhacidae's environment.
3. Overspecialization: The phorusrhacidae were highly specialized predators of small to medium-sized mammals. This specialization may have made them more vulnerable to changes in their environment and food supply.
4. Disease: Disease may have also played a role in the phorusrhacidae's extinction. The arrival of humans and their associated diseases may have decimated phorusrhacidae populations.
5. Combination of factors: It is likely that a combination of these factors, rather than a single cause, led to the extinction of the phorusrhacidae.