2. Competition and niche specialization: The extinction of a competing species can release resources, such as food or habitat, that can be utilized by other species. This can lead to increased competition among these species, potentially resulting in changes in their abundance or distribution.
3. Loss of ecosystem services: Many species provide valuable services to ecosystems and human society, such as pollination, water filtration, and carbon sequestration. The extinction of one species can compromise these services and have cascading negative impacts on other organisms and the overall functioning of the ecosystem.