1. Cephalopods (Squid, Cuttlefish, Octopuses): Cephalopods have highly advanced camera-like eyes, particularly in squids and cuttlefish. Their eyes are often equipped with adjustable pupils and lenses that enable them to focus on objects at different distances.
2. Vertebrates (Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians, Fish): Vertebrates possess diverse types of camera-type eyes, exhibiting remarkable variations in structure and complexity. Primates, including humans, have highly evolved color vision and depth perception. Birds are famous for their exceptional visual acuity, helping them navigate and hunt. Some reptiles, like snakes and lizards, possess specialized eyes adapted to their environment. Amphibians, such as frogs, have eyes that allow them to see both above and below water. Fishes, especially teleosts, display an extensive array of eye structures suited to their aquatic environments.
3. Arthropods (Insects, Crustaceans, Arachnids): Insects, like butterflies, dragonflies, and bees, have compound eyes composed of numerous individual units called ommatidia. Crustaceans, including crabs and lobsters, possess compound eyes as well. Arachnids, like spiders and scorpions, have simple eyes alongside more advanced secondary eyes with lenses and retinas.
4. Annelids (Polychaetes): Certain polychaete worms, such as scale worms (Polynoidae), have camera-like eyes, providing valuable insights into the evolution of vision in early animal lineages.
5. Mollusks (Bivalves, Gastropods): Some bivalves (scallops) and gastropods (abalone) have developed eyes along the edges of their mantles or tentacles, enabling them to detect light, shadows, and perhaps even basic forms.
6. Cnidarians (Jellyfish, Corals): Box jellyfish (Cubozoa) possess fascinating camera-like eyes, known as rhopalia, arranged in groups around their bell. These eyes are considered the most complex sensory structures among cnidarians.