Beetles are the largest order of insects with over 350,000 known species occupying almost all habitats on the planet. They are characterized by their hard wing cases, called elytra, which protect their wings. Beetles vary greatly in size, shape, and habits. Some beetles are predators, while others are herbivores or scavengers.
Flies and Mosquitoes (Diptera):
Flies and mosquitoes form the second largest order of insects with over 150,000 known species. They are characterized by their single pair of wings and reduced hind wings, forming balancing organs known as halteres. Flies and mosquitoes have diverse habitats and ecological roles. They are important pollinators, decomposers, and disease vectors.
Butterflies and Moths (Lepidoptera):
Butterflies and moths constitute the third largest order of insects with over 150,000 described species. They are known for their beautiful and intricate wings covered in scales. Lepidoptera larvae, commonly called caterpillars, are herbivorous and feed on a wide variety of plants. Adult butterflies and moths play important roles in pollination.
Hymenoptera (Ants, Bees, Wasps, and Sawflies):
Hymenoptera is a large and diverse order comprising over 100,000 known species. It includes ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies. Hymenoptera insects are characterized by their narrow waists and the presence of membranous wings. They play crucial ecological roles, particularly as pollinators and natural enemies of pest species.
Hemiptera (True Bugs, Aphids, and Scale Insects):
Hemiptera is another significant order of insects with over 80,000 known species. They are characterized by their piercing and sucking mouthparts that allow them to feed on plant sap or blood. True bugs, aphids, and scale insects are all members of this order and have diverse habitats and ecological roles, including pest species in agriculture.