A neuron, also known as a nerve cell, is the fundamental unit of the nervous system. Neurons are responsible for receiving, processing, and transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. They are specialized cells that form the building blocks of the brain and spinal cord, as well as the peripheral nerves that extend to all parts of the body.
Neurons are classified as cells because they possess all the essential components and characteristics of a living cell, including a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus. They are highly specialized cells, however, with unique structures and functions that enable them to communicate and interact with other nerve cells.