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Background
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Rabbits are very easy to litter train. However, like all domesticated animals, they occasionally have accidents. Patience is required, and placement and litter types are largely determined through trial and error. Once a pattern has been established, it is likely to continue, thus persistence usually pays off. If elimination issues persist, consult a veterinarian as they may indicate an underlying medical condition.
Methods
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Due to their natural tendency use the same area, the easiest method of litter training a rabbit is to simply move their litter box to the location where they chose to eliminate. If a pet rabbit is allowed to roam outside of a cage, it may be necessary to place litter pans in choice places around the house, although it's best to encourage the use of the designated area inside the cage. Free ranging rabbits may require litter boxes in multiple locations.
After a rabbit becomes accustomed to a particular area, litter boxes can be moved to new locations in slow increments, although some rabbits may continue to use the same area without the litter box.
If a rabbit eliminates over the side of a box, replacing it with a larger box is often the simplest solution. In general litter boxes have low sides that are easy to enter and large enough to contain the entire rabbit.
Some rabbits move around their litter box as a toy, thus it is important to purchase or fashion a heavy one.
Never punish a rabbit for improper litter use. Instead reward good behavior with positive reinforcement in the form of praise or a treat.
Timothy hay can be placed in the corner of a litter box to trick a rabbit into sitting for a while and using the area as a new litter box.
Considerations
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Clumping, pine and cedar shaving litters are known to be toxic to rabbits. As such, they shouldn't be used. Likewise, perfumed or deodorizing litters contain chemicals that may be toxic and should be avoided at all costs. If a rabbit shows aversion to a litter, try a new one. When changing litters, integrate the new one into the old one slowly, at increasing ratios, until the new litter dominates the mix.
Rabbits cannot see in total darkness, thus a night light or lamp is necessary for them to find their way to the litter box at night.
The addition of a new pet or other stresses can poorly effect litter habits. Remember that rabbits are prey pets (as opposed to predator pets) and perceive many changes in their environment is threats.
Sexually mature rabbits may urinate or spray to mark their territory. Spaying or neutering is the only way to prevent this behavior.
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The Best Way to Potty Train a Rabbit
Domestic rabbits are a popular pet that are easy to care for and generally quiet and docile. While they don't bury their waste like cats, they're quite easy to litter train because of their natural tendency to "use the bathroom" in one designated area. Because they're quite often kept in a cage, a litter box should be distinguished from the surrounding area by means of a pan and contain different material than the bedding/lining of the cage.