- Habitat Loss: The pygmy rabbit's primary habitat is sagebrush steppe and juniper woodland, which are being rapidly converted to agricultural and residential development. This loss of habitat has fragmented the pygmy rabbit's population, making it more vulnerable to predation and disease.
- Predation: Pygmy rabbits are preyed upon by a variety of predators, including coyotes, foxes, badgers, and birds of prey. As the pygmy rabbit's habitat is fragmented, it becomes easier for predators to access and kill them.
- Competition: Pygmy rabbits compete with other small mammals, such as pikas and voles, for food and shelter. This competition can limit the pygmy rabbit's ability to survive and reproduce.
- Disease: Pygmy rabbits are susceptible to a variety of diseases, including tularemia, plague, and coccidiosis. These diseases can spread rapidly through the population, causing widespread mortality.
- Climate Change: Climate change is also a threat to the pygmy rabbit. The sagebrush steppe and juniper woodland are projected to experience increased temperatures and decreased precipitation, which will make it more difficult for the pygmy rabbit to survive.
Due to these threats, the pygmy rabbit is considered to be one of the most imperiled mammals in North America. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the pygmy rabbit and its habitat, including habitat restoration, predator control, and disease management.