1. Age: Start by checking the age of the rabbit. Sexing is usually easier when rabbits are young, around 4 to 6 weeks of age.
2. Handling: Hold the rabbit gently but firmly. Support its body with one hand while using the other hand to examine the genital area.
Male:
1. Distance: In young male rabbits, there's a noticeable distance between the anus and the urinary opening (where urine comes out).
2. Scrotum: The scrotum is usually undeveloped or small at this age, and the testicles may not have fully descended yet. However, you might be able to feel a small bump or swelling behind the anus, which indicates male genitalia.
Female:
1. Proximity: In young female rabbits, the anus and the urinary opening are very close together, creating a vertical slit-like appearance.
2. Genital opening: The female's genital opening may appear slightly swollen or raised.
Sexing adult rabbits:
1. Size and shape: Adult males tend to be larger than adult females. They may also have a broader head, wider shoulders, and a larger bone structure.
2. Head: Some breeds have a marked difference in head shape, with males having broader and more prominent cheeks.
3. Genitalia: The best way to sex an adult rabbit is to closely examine the genital area, especially if the size and shape are not obviously different.
Male:
1. Testicles: Adult male rabbits have fully developed testicles that are located behind the anus. They should be easily visible and palpable as two firm, round structures.
2. Penis: The male's penis is visible as a small retractable tube located just below the anus.
Female:
1. Vulva: Adult female rabbits have a vulva, which is a small, horizontal slit located just below the anus.
2. Lack of testicles: Females do not have testicles.
3. Clitoris: Sometimes the clitoris can be mistaken for a small penis, but it is smaller and not retractable.
Remember that sexing rabbits, especially young ones, requires proper handling, patience, and an understanding of the physical characteristics of each gender. If you're unsure or uncomfortable, you can always consult a veterinarian or an experienced rabbit breeder for assistance.