Predators:
* Birds of prey: Hawks, owls, eagles, falcons are all known to prey on rats.
* Snakes: Especially larger snakes like garter snakes, rat snakes, and pythons.
* Domestic cats: While not always successful hunters, cats will definitely try to catch rats.
* Dogs: Some breeds, like terriers, are particularly good at hunting rats.
* Weasels: These small, agile predators are known for being ruthless rat hunters.
* Foxes: Both red and gray foxes will prey on rats.
* Coyotes: While larger, coyotes will also eat rats when they get the chance.
* Mongoose: These small, energetic animals are known for their effectiveness in controlling rat populations.
Other Threats:
* Humans: While not always a direct predator, humans often use traps, poisons, and other methods to control rat populations.
* Disease: Rats can be susceptible to various diseases, like plague and typhus.
* Parasites: Fleas, mites, and other parasites can infest rats and weaken them.
* Competition: Rats will often compete with other animals for food and shelter.
Important note: Rats are intelligent and adaptable animals, and they've developed a variety of strategies to avoid these threats.