What sequence of blood flow can be observed in either a reptile or mammal?

Here's a breakdown of the blood flow sequence in reptiles and mammals, highlighting the key differences:

General Blood Flow Sequence:

1. Deoxygenated Blood: Enters the heart through the right atrium.

2. Right Ventricle: Pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

3. Lungs: Blood picks up oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

4. Left Atrium: Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins.

5. Left Ventricle: Pumps oxygenated blood out to the body via the aorta.

6. Body Tissues: Oxygen is delivered to cells, and carbon dioxide is picked up.

7. Deoxygenated Blood: Returns to the heart via the vena cava.

Key Differences:

* Reptiles: Have a three-chambered heart (two atria and one ventricle). This means there is some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the ventricle. The ventricle has a partial septum, but it isn't completely divided.

* Mammals: Have a four-chambered heart (two atria and two ventricles). This ensures complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing for a higher metabolic rate and more efficient delivery of oxygen to tissues.

Simplified Illustration:

Reptile:

* Deoxygenated blood (right atrium) -> Ventricle (some mixing) -> Lungs -> Oxygenated blood (left atrium) -> Ventricle (some mixing) -> Body

Mammal:

* Deoxygenated blood (right atrium) -> Right ventricle -> Lungs -> Oxygenated blood (left atrium) -> Left ventricle -> Body

Important Note: The three-chambered heart of reptiles is less efficient than the four-chambered heart of mammals, leading to a lower metabolic rate and generally cooler body temperatures (except for some exceptions like crocodiles).