Here are some key characteristics of vertebrates:
* Vertebral Column: They have a backbone (also known as a spinal column or vertebral column) made up of a series of bones called vertebrae. This provides support and protection for the spinal cord.
* Skull: They have a cranium, a bony or cartilaginous structure that encases and protects the brain.
* Endoskeleton: They possess an internal skeleton made of bone or cartilage. This allows for larger size and more complex movement.
* Closed Circulatory System: They have a heart and a network of blood vessels that circulate blood throughout the body.
* Well-Developed Nervous System: They have a brain and a complex nervous system that allows for sophisticated sensory perception and behavior.
* Bilateral Symmetry: They have a symmetrical body plan with a distinct head and tail.
Examples of vertebrates include:
* Fish (e.g., salmon, sharks, tuna)
* Amphibians (e.g., frogs, salamanders, newts)
* Reptiles (e.g., snakes, lizards, turtles)
* Birds (e.g., eagles, sparrows, penguins)
* Mammals (e.g., humans, elephants, dolphins)
Vertebrates represent a diverse group of animals that have adapted to a wide range of habitats and lifestyles. Their unique skeletal system, nervous system, and other features have allowed them to thrive on Earth for millions of years.