Instructions
Use peat moss as a main substrate for amphibians such as frogs, toads and salamanders. Untreated sphagnum moss is also good because it helps retain moisture and humidity. It also resists molds that can grow in moist areas.
Use fine-grain sand or pea gravel as a main substrate for lizards, snakes, turtles and tortoises. Pea gravel is a good generator of heat and is generally used as a bottom layer in cages. Wash the gravel thoroughly before putting in the cage.
Wood twigs and branches are nice additions to your reptile's environment. Anything brought in from outside should be washed thoroughly in warm soapy water and heated in the oven for 20 minutes at 200 degrees.
Try paper towels, newspaper or butcher for lining terrariums. Absorbent and inexpensive, paper towels have been used for substrate for years. This is especially good for reptiles with belly wounds or when pets need to be quarantined. Butcher paper is not as absorbent as newspaper but it is free from inks.
Choose smooth stones, such as granite or marble, for your reptile's cage. Clean the rocks by boiling them in water for 30 minutes. Allow to cool and place in cage.
How to Make Substrates for Reptiles
The substrate in your reptile's cage needs to be one that it enjoys. It should be natural and as close to your reptile's normal environment as possible. The type of substrate you use depends upon the type of pet you have. Overall, all substrates should conduct heat, be easy to clean and maintain and be nonabrasive to your pet.