Mushrooms reproduce by releasing spores, which are tiny cells that can grow into new mushrooms. Spores are dispersed by the wind, animals, or water. They are resistant to desiccation and can survive in harsh conditions for long periods of time.
Mycelium
The mycelium is the vegetative part of the mushroom. It consists of a network of hyphae, which are thread-like cells. The mycelium grows underground or in other moist places. It absorbs nutrients from the soil and transports them to the mushroom.
Cap
The cap is the umbrella-shaped part of the mushroom. It is responsible for producing spores. The cap is often brightly colored to attract animals that will disperse the spores.
Gills
The gills are the thin, blade-like structures on the underside of the cap. They produce spores and are also responsible for absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
Stipe
The stipe is the stem of the mushroom. It supports the cap and transports nutrients and water from the mycelium to the cap.
Veil
The veil is a thin membrane that covers the gills of young mushrooms. As the mushroom matures, the veil breaks and exposes the gills.
Volva
The volva is a cup-shaped structure that encloses the base of the stipe. It is found in some species of mushrooms.
Odor and taste
Mushrooms produce a variety of odors and tastes to attract animals that will disperse their spores. Some mushrooms are edible, while others are poisonous.