* Capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris): The capybara is the world's largest rodent, reaching up to 1.3 meters in length and weighing up to 65 kilograms. They are semi-aquatic and found in a variety of habitats, from grasslands to forests and swamps.
* Agouti (Dasyprocta spp.): While not as large as the capybara, agoutis are still relatively large rodents, ranging from 40 to 90 centimeters in length and weighing up to 6 kilograms. They are found in forests and rainforests throughout South America.
* Paca (Cuniculus paca): Paca are another large rodent species, measuring up to 80 centimeters in length and weighing up to 13 kilograms. They are nocturnal and found in forests and rainforests.
While these are the largest rodents in South America, it's worth noting that there are many other large rodent species found in the region, such as the páramo marmot and various species of squirrels.