Veterinary Rat Diets

Rats are found throughout the world and have adapted to many habitats and various food sources. Although they are well-known for eating just about anything, veterinarians have developed specific diets for rats kept as pets. This diet meets the nutritional requirement of rats and will ensure the healthiest pet possible.

  1. Signs of a Healthy Rat

    • There are several factors that can influence the health of a rat. Environment and mental stimulation greatly influence the well-being of the animal, but a healthy diet can protect them from disease, as well as ensure a healthy weight and the ability to get proper amounts of exercise. A healthy male rat weighs between 14 and 23 ounces, while eight to 14 ounces is an appropriate weight for female rats. With proper diet, these weight ranges are easily maintained. If the animal is outside these ranges, changes such as alternative methods of exercise or the addition of foods rich in calories should be implemented. Any abrupt or unusual weight gains or losses may indicate illness and should be reviewed by a veterinarian. Another indication of a healthy rat is glossy, thick fur.

    Basic Rat Diet

    • Rats require a constant supply of water and food. Water should be provided using a water bottle rather than a dish because of the likelihood of spillage or contamination. Food pellets made especially for rats with 20 to 27 percent protein content should be available at all times to the pet rat. Although the animal will lose weight if food is not available at all times, this is not an appropriate weight loss procedure. Rats eat small amounts throughout the day, rather than a large amount at one time, and calories may be too restricted with this method. Rat food that commonly is found at pet stores and includes various grains and seeds should not be used as the sole diet of the animal. These foods may not provide necessary nutrition because they encourage the rat to eat only their favorite foods in the mix.

    Treats

    • There are many foods that can be added to rat diets that will not compromise nutritional needs. These foods include whole wheat bread, birdseed, salad greens, dry oatmeal and broccoli. These treats should make up less than 10 percent of the rat's total diet and should be given only two or three times per week.

    Foods to Exclude

    • Although some high-quality, low-fat dry dog foods can be used as the staple food in a rat's diet, it is not recommended that dry cat food be fed to the animal under normal circumstances. Dry cat foods are too high in protein and fat, and should only be used at times when this extra content is necessary, such as in the case of nursing mothers or juvenile rats. Treats that are high in fat or sugar, such as cookies or candies, should be avoided.