- Low calcium levels: Calcium is essential for snail shell growth and repair. If the water calcium levels are too low, the snails may not be able to build strong shells or repair any damage to their shells.
- pH imbalances: Snails prefer slightly alkaline water, with a pH between 7.0 and 8.0. If the water pH is too acidic, it can erode snail shells.
- Copper or other heavy metal toxicity: Copper is toxic to snails, even in small amounts. If you've recently treated the aquarium for algae, check to make sure that the medication is copper-free. Other heavy metals, such as iron and zinc, can also be toxic to snails.
- Bacterial infection: Bacterial infections can also cause snail shell rot. If you notice any unusual growths or discoloration on the snails' shells, it's important to treat the tank with an antibiotic.
- Predators: Some fish, such as cichlids and loaches, may prey on snails. If you're keeping snails in a community aquarium, make sure that the tankmates are snail-friendly.
- Poor diet: Snails need a diet that's high in calcium and other essential nutrients. A diet that's too low in nutrients can cause malnutrition, leading to rotting shells.
To solve the issue, you can take the following steps:
1. Test the water quality: Use a water test kit to check the pH and calcium levels. Make adjustments with commercial products if necessary.
2. Feed the snails a high-quality diet: Offer them a variety of foods, such as algae wafers, calcium-rich vegetables (such as spinach or broccoli), and protein-rich foods (such as fish flakes or bloodworms).
3. Check compatibility with other tankmates: Ensure that none of the other animals are harmful to snails.
4. Treat for any bacterial infections: Consult a veterinarian and try an appropriate medication.
5. Monitor the snails' health: Keep an eye on their behavior, shell condition, and overall appearance.