Here's a breakdown:
* Wild: 10-20 years
* Captivity: Over 30 years
Factors affecting their lifespan in the wild include:
* Predation: Gopher snakes are preyed upon by larger snakes, birds of prey, and mammals.
* Habitat loss and degradation: Their natural habitat is declining due to human activities, leading to less food and shelter.
* Disease and parasites: These can weaken the snakes and make them more susceptible to predators.
In captivity, gopher snakes benefit from a controlled environment with consistent food and water, as well as veterinary care, allowing them to live longer.