How to Identify Small Snakes

The various species of small snakes that inhabit the backyards, marshlands and grassy or desert areas in and around the home are as varied as any other in the animal kingdom. Most of the smaller varieties of North American snakes are non-poisonous, although a select few should be avoided. Some small snakes you spot may be the offspring of larger snakes that could be poisonous. Learning to properly identify snakes can give you peace of mind.

Things You'll Need

  • Camera (optional)
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Instructions

    • 1

      Look at the snake from a safe distance. Since the snake is small, a few feet between you and reptile should be all you need to visually inspect the little critter. Take note: the larger the snake, the further away you should be. Also, if the snake leaves during your observation, don't follow it closely. Watch to see where it goes; it may be heading to a nest where more snakes can be located.

    • 2

      Note a few features of the small snake you are observing. Note the snake's color and any discernible body patterns. Also note the pose of its body, and most importantly the shape of the animal's head: a round or barrel-shaped head means the snake is a constrictor (non-poisonous) and a flat diamond-shaped head means the snake is a viper (poisonous.) Take a picture from a distance for future reference.

    • 3

      Observe the snake's color. Black or dark brown with yellow stripes means the snake you're looking at is probably a garter snake or black snake. Generally, most vipers in the U.S. are lighter in color (at least when they're adults) so take great care when observing these snakes. Chances are, these snakes are younger vipers and may become aggressive if you get too close.

    • 4

      Note the pattern on the body, if there is one. Brown with tan splotches means your snake could be a copperhead, while light brown with a tan underside could mean it's a cottonmouth. In either case, avoid these poisonous snakes. The same goes for light tan snakes in dry, humid areas which could be maturing rattlesnakes. Despite their young age, these snakes are still dangerous.