Deadly Snakes in the Woods of Pennsylvania

There are 21 snake species native to Pennsylvania. While the vast majority are harmless and seldom seen, there are a few that can administer a nasty and venomous bite if provoked. Being able to recognize the different snakes will help preserve them and reduce the number of bites from dangerous ones.

  1. Northern Copperhead Snake

    • The northern copperhead snake is the most numerous and widespread of the three venomous snakes of Pennsylvania. They grow up to 42 inches and get their name from the copper color on the side and top of its head. These snakes can be found near fallen logs, brush piles, rock walls and rock ledges. If bitten, the victim should seek immediate medical attention. Fang marks, pain and a metallic taste in the mouth are signs of a snake bite. These bites are deadly to the snake's prey, such as small rodents and other snakes, but humans should be able to survive if treated appropriately.

    Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake

    • The word Massasauga means "great river mouth" in the Chippewa language and gives a clue as to where these snakes are often found. They prefer swampland near river deltas in woods and are commonly known as swamp rattlers. They possess a venomous bite that is injected into their prey via fangs which when not in use fold against the roof of the mouth enclosed in a membranous sheath. The venom attacks the cardiovascular system and although easily treatable in humans, it is highly effective against prey.

    Timber Rattlesnake

    • The largest recorded timber rattlesnake measured 74 ½ inches, making them a very large Pennsylvanian venomous snake. They are pit-viper snakes, meaning they have a temperature-sensitive opening on either side of the face, which is used to detect prey and potential predators. They live in dense forests throughout the state, and untreated bites on humans can be fatal. They tend to feed on small mammals, small birds, amphibians and other snakes. They will only attack humans if provoked.

    Northern Water Snakes

    • Northern water snakes are native to Pennsylvania and although non-venomous, a bite from these animals in water that is left untreated can quickly become infected and life threatening. Infected bites from non-venomous snakes must be treated with antibiotics otherwise complications can occur. They can be found next to rivers throughout the woods and mainly feed on frogs, small fish, crayfish, insects and small mammals.