Hunting and persecution: Indigo snakes are sometimes killed by humans because they are perceived to be dangerous or as pests. They have also been historically hunted for their meat and skins.
Road mortality: Indigo snakes are often killed by cars when they attempt to cross roads. This is a particular problem for long, straight roads that cut through their habitat.
Prey depletion: Indigo snakes' primary food sources include small rodents, such as rats and mice. As human populations have grown, these rodents have become more scarce, reducing the amount of food available for indigo snakes.
Disease: Indigo snakes can be infected with a variety of diseases, including respiratory infections, skin diseases, and internal parasites. These diseases can weaken or kill snakes and can be spread through contact with other animals, including humans.
Climate change: Climate change is causing changes in the indigo snake's habitat, making it more challenging for them to survive. For example, rising sea levels are threatening coastal habitats, while longer and hotter summers are causing drought and heat stress.