1. Cephalothorax:
- Forms the front part of the spider's body.
- Fused head and thorax region covered by a hard exoskeleton.
- Contains the spider's brain, digestive system, and other vital organs.
2. Eyes:
- Most spiders have eight eyes arranged in various patterns.
- The main eyes are larger and provide sharp vision, while the secondary eyes detect movement and light intensity.
3. Chelicerae:
- Appendages located in front of the mouth.
- Consists of two segments, the basal segment, and the movable fang.
- Used for capturing and injecting venom into prey.
4. Pedipalps:
- Appendages located on either side of the chelicerae.
- Modified into various forms depending on the spider's sex and species.
- In males, one segment of the pedipalp is modified for reproduction.
5. Legs:
- Spiders have eight legs, which are jointed and covered with hairs.
- Each leg consists of seven segments: coxa, trochanter, femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus.
- The last segment (tarsus) often has claws or adhesive pads for climbing.
6. Abdomen:
- The posterior part of the spider's body.
- More flexible and expandable compared to the cephalothorax.
- Contains the spider's heart, respiratory system, reproductive organs, and silk-producing glands.
- Some spiders have spinnerets located at the tip of the abdomen, which produce silk for web-building, prey capture, and other purposes.
7. Book Lungs:
- Respiratory organs found in most spiders.
- Located on the underside of the abdomen and covered by a flap.
- Consists of thin, folded membranes that facilitate gas exchange.
8. Tracheae:
- Another respiratory system found in some spiders.
- Consists of a series of tubes that carry oxygen directly to different parts of the body.
9. Spinnerets:
- Small, retractable appendages located at the tip of the abdomen.
- Produce silk for web-building, prey capture, constructing egg sacs, and other purposes.
- Different spider species have different spinneret arrangements and silk types.
10. Spiracles:
- Small openings on the spider's body that allow air to enter the respiratory system.
- Usually located on the underside of the abdomen.
11. Epigynum:
- In female spiders, a modified structure located on the underside of the abdomen.
- Serves as the opening for sperm reception during mating.
12. Male Palpal Organs:
- Modified structures on the pedipalps of male spiders.
- Responsible for transferring sperm during reproduction.
These are the main body parts of spiders. The specific structures and adaptations of these body parts can vary among different spider species.