Structure of the Testicles
The testicles are made up of several parts:
* Tunica albuginea: This is a tough, fibrous capsule that surrounds the testicle.
* Septa: These are bands of connective tissue that divide the testicle into lobules.
* Lobules: These are the functional units of the testicle. Each lobule contains seminiferous tubules, where sperm is produced.
* Seminiferous tubules: These are long, coiled tubes where sperm is produced.
* Interstitial cells: These cells are located between the seminiferous tubules and produce testosterone.
Functions of the Testicles
The testicles have two main functions:
* Sperm production: The seminiferous tubules produce sperm through a process called spermatogenesis. Sperm are released into the epididymis, where they mature and gain the ability to fertilize an egg.
* Testosterone production: The interstitial cells produce testosterone. Testosterone is responsible for the development of male characteristics, such as a deep voice, facial hair, and muscle mass.
Disorders of the Testicles
Several disorders can affect the testicles, including:
* Testicular cancer: This is the most common cancer in men aged 15 to 35. It usually begins in the seminiferous tubules.
* Epididymitis: This is an inflammation of the epididymis. It can be caused by a bacterial infection or a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
* Orchitis: This is an inflammation of the testicles. It can be caused by a bacterial infection, a viral infection, or an autoimmune disorder.
* Hypogonadism: This is a condition in which the testicles do not produce enough testosterone. It can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, pituitary gland disorders, and aging.
If you have any concerns about your testicles, it's important to see a doctor.