* Climate change: The thylacoleo lived during a time of significant climate change in Australia. The continent was becoming drier and cooler, which may have made it difficult for the thylacoleo to find food.
* Competition from other predators: The thylacoleo was not the only predator in Australia during the Pleistocene epoch. It had to compete with other carnivores, such as the marsupial lion and the spotted-tail quoll.
* Hunting by humans: Humans arrived in Australia around 50,000 years ago. They may have hunted the thylacoleo for its fur or its meat.
* Disease: It is also possible that the thylacoleo was wiped out by a disease that was carried by humans or other animals.
The extinction of the thylacoleo is a reminder of the fragility of ecosystems. Even a slight change in environmental conditions can have a devastating impact on a species.