- Body Shape: Dolphins are characterized by their streamlined, fusiform body shape, well-adapted for swimming efficiently in water.
- Size: Dolphins vary significantly in size, with some species being as small as 1.2 meters (4 feet) in length, while others can reach up to 9.5 meters (31 feet). The largest species is the Orca (Killer Whale)
Physical Characteristics:
- Skin: Dolphin skin is smooth and has a unique texture due to the presence of tiny, hairless bumps called "tubercles." This skin structure helps reduce friction and enables them to swim swiftly.
- Color: The coloration of dolphins varies by species. However, many dolphins have distinctive patterns and colorations. Some common colors include shades of gray, black, white, and various hues of blue.
- Flippers: Dolphins have two pairs of flippers. The pectoral flippers, located on the sides of their body, are used for steering, balance, and maneuvering. The tail flukes, or caudal fins, provide propulsion and enable them to swim with great agility and speed.
- Dorsal Fin: Dolphins have a dorsal fin located on the upper side of their body, which varies in shape and size depending on the species. Some species have tall and prominent dorsal fins, while others have smaller, more falcate (sickle-shaped) dorsal fins.
- Blowhole: Dolphins have a single blowhole located on the top of their head, which they use to breathe air. When a dolphin surfaces, it can expel stale air and take a quick breath before diving back into the water.
Additional Features:
- Teeth: Dolphins have numerous conical teeth that are adapted for catching and holding prey rather than chewing. They use their teeth to grasp fish, squid, and other small aquatic animals.
- Melon: Many dolphin species have a rounded, fatty organ in their forehead called the "melon." Scientists believe the melon aids in echolocation, a sophisticated sense that allows dolphins to navigate their surroundings and locate prey by emitting and interpreting high-frequency clicking sounds.
Overall, dolphins exhibit diversity in their physical characteristics and coloration among different species, but their streamlined bodies and intelligent adaptations, such as echolocation and social behavior, are共通特征。