Reptiles:
* Lizards and snakes: All are reptiles, sharing characteristics like scales, cold-bloodedness, and laying eggs.
* Crocodiles and alligators: Like turtles, they are large, ancient reptiles with tough, protective skin.
Other Vertebrates:
* Tortoises: These are terrestrial turtles, sharing their lineage with all other turtle species.
* Birds: While not closely related, both are oviparous (lay eggs) and have a tough outer shell for protection.
* Mammals: Some mammals, like the armadillo, also have a bony shell for defense.
Beyond the Phylum:
* Insects: Some insects, like beetles, also have a hard outer shell for protection (exoskeleton).
Specific Characteristics:
* Long lifespan: Like some large fish and sharks, turtles are known for their long lifespans.
* Defense mechanisms: Many animals, including armadillos, hedgehogs, and some fish, use shells or spines for defense.
It's important to remember that "commonalities" can be interpreted in different ways. Some animals might share only one specific characteristic, while others share a larger range of features. Ultimately, the specific animals you choose to compare turtles to will depend on the particular traits you are interested in.