Information on Soft-Shelled Water Turtles

Soft-shelled turtles, or "soft-shells," are carnivorous, water-dwelling turtles of the taxonomic family Trionychidae. There are at least twenty-six known species, characterized by their soft shells, which consist of thickened skin. According to the World Chelonian Trust, soft-shelled turtles "are found in nearly every type of waterway in the world." Some varieties, like the smooth soft-shell, Florida soft-shell and eastern spiny soft-shell may even be kept as pets.

  1. Habitat

    • Species of soft-shelled turtles exist on every continent besides Australia and Antarctica. They primarily live in waters with soft, sandy or muddy bottoms where they can bury themselves. Access to muddy embankments, rocks or floating logs is also a necessary part of the soft-shelled turtle's habitat, as it requires areas where it can bask in the sun, a vital part of its thermoregulation process. They prefer waters that are between 70 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit and basking temperatures of around 85 degrees.

    Appearance

    • Soft-shelled turtle species range in size from 20 to 200 cm (approximately 8 to 80 inches). The colorings and general appearance also varies by species. The Apalone mutica species, for example, are pale to medium brown with dark spots more prevalent in the males. The Apalone spinifera species have small spikes along their shells. Some species have colored stripes or spots. Probably the most common physical features among the different species, besides soft shells, are long necks and pointed noses.

    Behavior

    • Unlike many of their hard-shelled relatives, soft-shelled turtles actually move quite fast. They bury their bodies in soft substrate, waiting to strike at any passing prey. They may bask in the sun for long periods of time to maintain an optimal body temperature, as well as reduce the presence of fungi and bacteria. These turtles are also very aggressive and do not get along well in close quarters with members of the same species. Despite their aggressive nature, soft-shells tend towards shyness around humans, often staying hidden when one is present.

    Diet

    • As previously mentioned, soft-shells are primarily carnivorous. However, they will sometimes feed off of native vegetation. As far as predation goes, soft-shelled turtles hunt a variety of creatures, including crayfish, water insects, frogs, tadpoles, mollusks, mudpuppies, snails, worms and a number of fish species. Soft-shells will also scavenge dead animals. Some larger soft-shell species have been known to eat ducks and other small aquatic birds.

    Soft-Shells as Pets

    • There are a number of things to keep in mind when considering acquiring a soft-shelled turtle as a pet. Since they are simultaneously aggressive and scared of humans, and are equipped with the long necks associated with the species, biting is a real risk of owning a soft-shell. Aquariums should be kept in quiet, low-traffic areas. Soft-shell environments must be very specifically maintained and special attention should be paid to factors like, aquarium size, population size, temperature, substrate, water level, pH, heat lamp placement, diet and aquarium cleanliness. Always research the specific soft-shell turtle you are considering as a pet prior to purchase.