- The primary reason for the great auks' extinction was excessive hunting. Sailors, explorers, and coastal communities relentlessly pursued and killed the auks for their meat, feathers, and eggs. They were easy targets due to their large size and docile nature, making them vulnerable to overhunting.
- The great auks' feathers were highly prized as decorations for clothing and hats, leading to a significant demand for their feathers. This further contributed to their over-exploitation and eventual demise.
Habitat Loss:
- As human settlements expanded, the great auks' natural habitats faced significant degradation and loss. Coastal development, deforestation, and human activities disrupted their nesting and breeding sites, limiting their ability to reproduce and survive.
- The great auk's preferred nesting locations were often rocky islands and remote coasts. However, these habitats were not spared from human encroachment, leading to further habitat loss for the already endangered species.
Reduced Genetic Diversity:
- Due to the excessive hunting and habitat loss, the great auk population declined rapidly. This resulted in a reduced genetic diversity within the remaining population, making them more vulnerable to disease and other environmental challenges.
- The reduction in genetic variation affected their overall resilience and ability to adapt to changing conditions, ultimately contributing to their extinction.