1. Physical Characteristics: Tangs belong to the family Acanthuridae, which includes a variety of tropical reef fish commonly known as surgeonfishes. The name "tang" specifically refers to the sharp spines located on both sides of the base of their tail fins. These spines are retractable and serve as a defense mechanism against predators. The tang's spine can be locked into place, making it difficult for predators to swallow the fish. When threatened, tangs can flick their tails to inflict damage on an attacker. The name "tang" is descriptive of this unique feature that distinguishes them from other fish.
2. Behavior: Tangs are known for their grazing and browsing behavior. They feed primarily on algae, but some species may also consume zooplankton and small invertebrates. Their diet and feeding habits have led to another explanation for their name. The term "tang" is sometimes used to describe a sharp, metallic taste, and it's possible that the name of these fish is derived from the distinct taste of their flesh, which is often described as tangy or slightly sour. This characteristic may have been noticed and described by early fishermen and explorers, leading to the adoption of the name "tang" for these species.
So, the combination of their distinctive spines and their specific taste or flavor played a role in the naming of tangs. Tangs are a popular group of aquarium fish due to their vibrant colors, active behavior, and unique characteristics.