* Average: 6-12 hours
* Range: 3-24 hours
Here's what influences the duration:
* Number of puppies: More puppies can lead to a longer whelping process.
* Size of the puppies: Larger puppies can be more difficult to deliver.
* Dog's breed: Certain breeds have a tendency for longer or shorter whelping periods.
* Individual dog's health and experience: First-time mothers may take longer than experienced mothers.
Signs of Labor:
* Nesting: The dog may become restless and start preparing a nest for her puppies.
* Panting and restlessness: She might become agitated and start pacing.
* Temperature drop: The dog's body temperature can drop to about 100°F (37.8°C) about 12-24 hours before labor.
* Discharge: A thick, bloody discharge (mucus plug) may come from the vagina.
* Contractions: She will have visible abdominal contractions that are more frequent and stronger as labor progresses.
Important Note: If labor lasts longer than 24 hours, or if the dog shows any signs of distress, it's crucial to contact a veterinarian immediately.