How Do Earthworms Get Their Food?

Earthworms gain their nutrition from organic material found in soil. This organic material may also be found in things such as leaves, roots, nematodes, rotifers, bacteria, fungi and protozoans. Earthworms also gain nutrients by feeding of the decomposition of other animals.

  1. Ecology

    • Earthworms are very important in soil ecology because they help nourish the soil (like a fertilizer). They are also a nutritious food for other animals. Worms are found in soil almost everywhere as long as it remains somewhat moist. The earthworm has learned to adapt in most conditions and is an organism that helps to create a healthy environment.

    Process

    • Earthworms get their food by pulling it into their mouth with a part of their body called the prostomium. The prostomium is like a vacuum in that it can suck the food right up. The food is then digested in the gizzard of the worm's body. The worms rely on this gizzard because they do not have teeth to help break down the food. The nutrients are then absorbed into the worm's body.

    How Often and When

    • Earthworms commonly feed on food while they are moving through the soil. The earthworm will feed on pretty much any decaying animal, plant or garbage material that can be broken down. The earthworm can eat three times its weight and produce its weight in worm dung every day.

    Not Fed

    • Earthworms should generally not eat things such as chemicals, oils, solvents, soaps, paint, foils, metals or any other product that could be toxic to their bodies. If a worm eats a plant that has been sprayed with insecticide, it could either get very sick or die. Worms also won't eat poisonous plants.

    Pets

    • If you have an earthworm as a pet, it may be best to prepare its food. The best option is to grind it up using a processor or blender. Place the food right on the ground, not buried or in water. Spread the food around.